Drawn Worlds
Comics and animation across America, Europe and Japan.
Superman first appeared in which comic publication?
Comics have a grammar that readers absorb without ever being taught it. These questions make it explicit.
A comics page works by leaving things out. Two panels show a fist drawn back and then a man on the floor; the punch happens in the white strip between them, in the reader's head. Scott McCloud called that step closure, and it is doing more of the storytelling than any single drawing on the page. The rest of the grammar is equally conventional and equally invisible once learned. A jagged balloon means a shout or a radio, a cloud means a thought, a tail points at whoever is speaking. Sound is spelled out in lettering sized to its volume, and swearing gets its own set of symbols. This quiz covers those conventions, the division of labour that produces a monthly title, and the code that governed what American comics were allowed to show for half a century.
Every question in this quiz is listed below with its correct answer and the reasoning behind it. Play first if you would rather not see the answers — or read through as a study sheet.
Play it insteadAnswer: D. The space between two panels
Why: The reader supplies whatever happened in it, joining one panel to the next. Scott McCloud named that mental step closure in his 1993 book on the form.
Answer: C. A shout, or a voice carried electronically
Why: A cloud-shaped balloon with small bubbles shows thought instead, and a broken outline shows a whisper. The tail always points back at whoever is producing the sound.
Answer: B. A single large panel filling a whole page
Why: It is often the opening page, used to establish a scene or land a shock. A version running across two facing pages is called a spread.
Answer: A. Right to left
Why: Panels and balloons are ordered to match the direction of Japanese text. Early English editions flipped the artwork to suit Western readers, but most publishers now keep the original layout.
Answer: D. Set content rules that American publishers applied to themselves
Why: It followed a public campaign against crime and horror titles, including a Senate hearing. Publishers dropped it gradually and the last of them abandoned it in 2011.
Answer: C. A graphic novel
Why: Will Eisner's A Contract with God helped popularise the label in 1978. A great many books sold under it are in fact collections of serial issues bound together.
Answer: B. Goes over the penciller's drawing in ink to finish the line work
Why: Splitting the drawing in two is what lets a monthly title stay on schedule. A heavy or a fine inking style can change the mood of identical pencils completely.
Answer: A. Peanuts
Why: Charles Schulz drew every one of the strips himself until he stopped in 2000. At its height it ran in more than two thousand newspapers.
Answer: D. The Eisner Award
Why: Will Eisner created The Spirit and later wrote seriously about comics as a form. The awards are presented each year at the San Diego convention.
Answer: C. A word that imitates the sound it stands for
Why: Comics draw them at scale so that the lettering itself conveys volume. The strings of symbols standing in for swearing have a separate name, grawlixes.
Harmony is not a matter of taste alone. Simple ratios, overtones, and the compromise hiding inside every piano.
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