The Language of Comics
Panels, gutters, balloons and splash pages: how comics tell a story on a flat page.
In a comic, what is the gutter?
Ten questions on the drawn characters and studios that shaped a century of storytelling, each with the context behind it.
Comics and animation produced some of the most recognisable characters ever created, usually well ahead of the recognition the forms themselves received. This quiz covers the origins of those characters, the studios that built them, and the techniques behind each era's look. It deliberately spans three traditions, American superhero comics, European albums and Japanese manga and anime, because they grew up separately. The explanations flag what was new at the time, technically or commercially.
Every question in this quiz is listed below with its correct answer and the reasoning behind it. Play first if you would rather not see the answers — or read through as a study sheet.
Play it insteadAnswer: C. Action Comics
Why: He debuted in Action Comics #1 in 1938, effectively creating the superhero genre. Detective Comics, the sister title, introduced Batman a year later.
Answer: D. Studio Ghibli
Why: Ghibli released it in 2001 under director Hayao Miyazaki. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.
Answer: A. Japan
Why: Manga is the Japanese comics tradition, usually read right to left. Korean comics are known as manhwa and Chinese ones as manhua.
Answer: C. Steamboat Willie
Why: Steamboat Willie was released in 1928 and was among the first cartoons with synchronised sound. Plane Crazy was made earlier but released later.
Answer: A. Gotham City
Why: Gotham is Batman's city, while Metropolis belongs to Superman. Both names were used for New York long before the comics borrowed them.
Answer: C. Stop motion
Why: Each small movement is photographed as a single frame, so a second of film needs around 24 adjustments. Studios such as Aardman still work this way.
Answer: A. France
Why: Asterix was created in 1959 by Rene Goscinny and Albert Uderzo. Belgium produced the other great tradition of the form, including Tintin.
Answer: B. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
Why: Released in 1937, it was widely expected to fail and was nicknamed Disney's Folly during production. Its success funded the studio for years.
Answer: B. Steve Ditko
Why: Ditko co-created and designed Spider-Man for his 1962 debut in Amazing Fantasy #15. Kirby co-created much of the rest of the Marvel line.
Answer: A. Tintin
Why: The Adventures of Tintin was created by Herge from 1929 and ran for 24 albums. It established the clean-lined style later known as ligne claire.
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Panels, gutters, balloons and splash pages: how comics tell a story on a flat page.
In a comic, what is the gutter?
Cels, twos, squash and stretch: the working methods behind moving drawings.
In traditional animation, what is a cel?
The games and machines that built the biggest entertainment industry.
Which company created the character Mario?