Light, Lenses & Exposure
What each camera setting actually changes, and why.
Aperture primarily controls which two things?
Ten names from the past century and a half, and what each of them is actually known for.
Photography produced its canon quickly and unevenly. A medium barely two centuries old already has a set of names that turn up in every survey, and the reasons they are there vary enormously. Muybridge is remembered for settling a factual dispute. Adams is remembered for a technical system as much as for the pictures. Eggleston is remembered for winning an argument about whether colour could be serious at all. Several of the reputations are accidents of circumstance. Vivian Maier photographed Chicago for decades and showed the work to almost nobody; it surfaced when the contents of her storage lockers were auctioned. That kind of posthumous arrival is rarer in painting, where the objects are unique and get noticed, than in photography, where a life's work can sit undeveloped in a box.
Every question in this quiz is listed below with its correct answer and the reasoning behind it. Play first if you would rather not see the answers — or read through as a study sheet.
Play it insteadAnswer: D. Henri Cartier-Bresson
Why: The phrase came from the English title of his 1952 book. He co-founded the Magnum agency in 1947 and worked almost entirely with a small rangefinder camera.
Answer: C. The landscapes of the American West
Why: With Fred Archer he devised the Zone System, a method of planning exposure and development to control the tonal range of a print. He was also a lifelong conservation campaigner.
Answer: B. Dorothea Lange
Why: She made it in 1936 while working for the Farm Security Administration. The agency's photographers left tens of thousands of negatives that are now in public hands.
Answer: A. A galloping horse
Why: His 1878 sequence showed that all four hooves leave the ground at once, at a point nobody had predicted. His later motion studies fed directly into early cinema.
Answer: D. Colour photography as a serious art form
Why: His 1976 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art was widely attacked by critics. Colour was then associated with advertising and family snapshots rather than with art.
Answer: C. Portraits of people at the edges of American life
Why: She worked largely with a square-format twin-lens camera. Its closer, straight-on framing became inseparable from how the pictures feel.
Answer: B. War
Why: He covered five conflicts, including the Normandy landings in 1944. He was one of the founders of the Magnum cooperative.
Answer: A. They were found in storage lockers after decades unseen
Why: She worked as a nanny in Chicago and showed the work to almost nobody. She left more than a hundred thousand negatives, a large share of them never developed.
Answer: D. Labour, migration and the natural world
Why: He trained and worked as an economist before turning to photography. His projects typically run for several years across dozens of countries.
Answer: C. The photogram
Why: He called his own versions rayographs, made by laying objects on photographic paper and exposing it to light. László Moholy-Nagy was working along the same lines at much the same time.
A Germanic language wearing a French coat and carrying a Latin dictionary. Why English spelling is a mess with reasons.
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What each camera setting actually changes, and why.
Aperture primarily controls which two things?
Daguerreotypes, wet plates, 35mm, Polaroid and the arrival of the digital sensor.
A daguerreotype produced its image on what?
The paintings, novels and figures worth knowing by name.
Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?